Age-related characteristics of different periods of a person's life, external and internal causes, changes in hormonal levels, bad habits, as well as psycho-emotional factors can affect changes in blood pressure andlead to its increase. People do not always go to the doctor on time, so hypertension takes a permanent form. The article will talk about the symptoms of hypertension, as well as its differences from hypotension.
First demonstrations
High blood pressure is characterized by morphological changes in blood vessels that affect a person's general well-being. To understand whether a person has hypertension and what symptoms are characteristic of this pathology, you need to know the simplest self-diagnosis methods that will help you correctly respond to a jump in indicators and prevent complications.
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases. Hypertension occurs in one in three people and is characterized by high mortality rates in severe stages. Only a complex treatment combining medication and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can be successful.
Hypertension is characterized by a gradual, long and slow course, and is initially characterized by the absence of serious symptoms. At high pressure, the presence of the disease can be indicated by periodically appearing symptoms, including:
- pain in the occipital or temporal region;
- dizziness;
- hearing loss, ringing in the ears;
- Blurred vision;
- tachycardia and chest pain;
- nausea and gag reflex;
- feeling short of breath;
- anxiety;
- irritability;
- sweating or chills;
- recurrent nosebleeds.
The presence in a person of at least one of the above symptoms of hypertension, which may be the first, is a reason to consult a family doctor or therapist for diagnosis and prevention, since the disease withan advanced and untreated stage can lead to complications as formidable as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
Characteristics of symptoms
High blood pressure always goes away with a headache in the back of the head or temples, which at the beginning of the development of pathology is well stopped by painkillers. Its appearance is associated with a change in the lumen of the cerebral vessels in the direction of narrowing. People with high blood pressure headaches describe them as dull or cramp-like in the back of the head, and sharp, throbbing, and throbbing in the temporal region.
Tinnitus and hearing impairment in hypertension can be caused by dysfunction of the hearing aid vessels.
Important! The sudden onset of pain in the head is a direct indication for measuring pressure.
Deterioration of vision in hypertension in the form of double and blinking dots (flies) in front of the eyes is associated with a lack of blood supply to the retina and impaired functioning of the optic nerves.
Nausea and gag reflex occur as a reaction to the onset of headache and dizziness, and the manifestation of frequent heartbeat and pain behind the sternum is caused by a disorder in the work of the vessels of the pulmonary circulation. The feeling of lack of air (shortness of breath) characterizes high blood pressure and occurs more often in obese patients at any age.
The frequent appearance of symptoms of high blood pressure can cause a state of hypertension. And then, hyperemia of the skin of the face, anxiety, pain in the heart will join the above signs of pathology. This condition will not go away on its own and will require emergency treatments.
Important! The periodic appearance of symptoms of high blood pressure will prompt the patient to consult a doctor and begin treatment. The asymptomatic course of the disease steals valuable time from a person.
Tonometer Indicators
To understand whether there is an increase in pressure, it is necessary to periodically measure the indicators with a tonometer in different conditions (well-being, poor), and also to find out their norms.
Standard values are considered to be 120/80 mm Hg. From Art. A range of 10 units from these numbers is not a deviation. Signs of an increase over 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , in combination with headache, a feeling of nausea, pain in the heart are considered symptoms of high blood pressure.
Important! The pressure in a person is always individual, it depends on the body and external causes. "Working" tone - these are the blood pressure figures at which the patient feels good. Hypertensive patients know their normal values and control them by timely taking antihypertensive drugs selected by the attending physician.
Features of degrees of pathology
Signs of arterial hypertension directly depend on the degree of height of the indicators, of which there are 3 hypertension. They can be presented in the form of tables:
| Degrees of hypertension | Systolic index (mm Hg) | Diastolic numbers (mm Hg) | The main symptoms of hypertension |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 degree | 140-160 | 90-100 | They pass without a clear clinic, are characterized by periodic increases, quickly normalize. Rarely, dizziness, insomnia, heaviness in the head, with localization in the back of the head, are noted. |
| 2 degrees | 160-180 | 100-110 | Pain in the occipital or temporal region is sharply pronounced, accompanied by nausea, dizziness, weakness, insomnia. |
| 3 degrees | up to 182 and more | over 110 | Unbearable headaches (especially in the morning), nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, visual disturbances, shortness of breath, sweating, tachycardia, swelling of the lower limbs, thirst, urinary disorders. |
The clinic of hypertension in the initial stages can be mild. For a long time, a person may not even be aware of the increased pressure and developing processes in the vessels. The first and first signs of hypertension are irritability for no apparent reason and increased fatigue.
Symptoms of high blood pressure in 2 and 3 degree hypertension with systolic readings above 160 mm. lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is characterized by pronounced pain in the head of various nature, a feeling of nausea, vomiting, blurred vision (fog, shroud) or flashing of small dots, as well as: tremors in the limbs, rapid pulse, feeling short of breath, heart pain, arrhythmia, loss of consciousness.
What is high blood pressure - all hypertensive patients know this. It is useful to know how you can help yourself or a loved one before an ambulance arrives, when an emergency occurs for the first time:
- Place 1 validol or nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue.
- Organize air access, unfasten tight clothing and give the patient an elevated position in bed (rise on pillows).
- Put mustard bandages on the calf muscles.
- Give inside 30 drops (1 tablespoon) of an alcoholic solution of valerian, motherwort.
- Take any pain reliever for head pain and lubricate the whiskey, forehead, neck area and behind the ears with menthol oil.
- You can soak your feet in warm water for 15 minutes.
In addition, doctors recommend doing a simple exercise to restore breathing. To do this, it is recommended to take a deep breath, hold your breath, and then exhale very slowly. This should be done 3-5 times. The position of the body in this case should be inclined.
Important! With untimely assistance to a patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis, he may develop a stroke or myocardial infarction. Since grades 2 and 3 cannot be cured, the patient must keep the pressure increase under constant control.
Age characteristics
Increased pressure in people over 50 is often associated with incipient problems in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, atherosclerosis, anemia, hyperthyroidism and impairedrenal function. There may be shortness of breath, pronounced swelling of the legs, cardiac arrhythmia. Compared to men, women fall ill more often.
Symptoms of high blood pressure are always due to age-related changes in the vessels, leading to a loss of their elasticity. In addition to the typical clinical features of arterial hypertension, it is possible to add intermittent claudication, frequent fainting, dizziness when changing the position of the body, noises in the head and a symptom of compressive pain behind the sternum. There is also general malaise, decreased performance and weakness.
Since the growth of indicators can occur in people of different ages, symptoms of hypertension in adolescents can manifest from the age of 12 (during puberty) and continue up to 17 years. This is due to the restructuring of the body and changes in hormonal metabolism. . Characteristic signs of increased blood pressure in a teenager are increased sweating, attacks of loud heartbeats, the presence of tinnitus, dizziness, headaches at any time of the day, insomnia, hot flushes on the skin of the face, discomfort in the epigastric region .
Important! To make sure that a possible pathology of the vessels takes place in this particular case, it is necessary to measure the pressure in a person several times in a row, preferably every 15 minutes. These indicators should be recorded and be sure to report them to the doctor in order to prescribe adequate treatment. What drugs to take - the doctor will decide.
If you find several symptoms accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, you should consult a doctor, have yourself examined and identify the true cause of such a pathology: neoplasms, kidney, endocrine, vascular diseases. The therapist, neuropathologist and family doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment based on diagnostic data, functional characteristics of the body, age group, concomitant diseases and tendency to allergies.
With hypertension, adrenoblockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, blockers of slow calcium channels are prescribed.
Apply physiotherapy - electrosleep; magnetic therapy; UHF therapy; infrared laser therapy, as well as traditional medicine. Hypertensive patients are advised to follow a diet and consume enough fruits and vegetables.
Important! Preventive measures to prevent vascular pathology and the development of hypertension include timely visits to medical examinations, normalization of work and rest, moderation of food, fight against excess weight, prevention of stressful situations, the use of sufficient amounts of water, vegetables , fruits, as well as the elimination of addiction to nicotine and alcohol (if any).
Differences between high and low pressure
Along with signs of hypertension, the rate of which may increase, there are manifestations of low blood pressure, called hypotension.
The periodic decrease in pressure is characterized by indicators of less than 101/66 mm Hg. From Art. It all depends on the age group, so numbers may vary.
Despite the fact that the presence of an unbearable paroxysmal headache occurs with both hypotension and hypertension, with a decrease in pressure, the following symptoms will be present that distinguish high pressure from low:
- Poor health and weakness. Already in the morning, the patient feels weakness and malaise.
- Cold ends. Hands and feet are constantly cold.
- Noise in the ears (periodic presence).
- Unpleasant sensations in the region of the heart, tachycardia. Each patient has their own feelings.
- Dizziness and frequent darkening (sometimes double vision) of the eyes. Such symptoms are characteristic not only in the morning, but also during the day.
- Drowsiness during the day, trouble sleeping at night. During the day, patients feel the need to sleep all the time. The peak of activity begins in the evening. The night passes restless, sleep is superficial.
- Digestive problems. Hypotensive patients often suffer from gastritis, liver problems, constipation, dyspepsia and dysbacteriosis.
The above characteristic symptoms are most often found in young people, most of whom are women. The reason for lowering blood pressure is stress, lack of sleep, poor lifestyle, lack of vitamins, use of strict diets, hormonal disturbances, strong physical and mental stress, presencecertain somatic diseases (endocrine, cervical osteochondrosis, liver, kidneys, VVD, sedentary lifestyle) . Prolonged depression can be a major cause of low blood pressure.
The first "bells" about the beginning of the development of hypotension occur when in the morning a person gets up heavily, feels overwhelmed, irritated and does not get enough sleep. After some time (everyone is purely individual), a headache appears, which may not go away until lunch.
Here, the common symptoms of hypertension are the appearance of nausea, vomiting, weather dependence and fainting, a long asymptomatic course. You can increase low blood pressure by taking special drugs, dietetics, herbal remedies and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Therapy
Drugs that increase blood pressure include tinctures of eleutherococcus or ginseng, special drugs. Caffeine has the same effect.
Phytotherapy consists in taking decoctions and infusions of herbs from plants such as St. John's wort, lemongrass, ginseng, immortelle, tartar, ginger.
For hypotensive patients, it is acceptable to take small doses of alcohol. A glass of red wine or 25 g of cognac for a week will be beneficial for the body: it will dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation. A cup of coffee in the morning will bring a good mood.
Patients with hypotension should get enough sleep to feel alert (more than 8 hours a day), move enough, have a balanced diet, and engage in moderate sports (morning exercise, swimming, aerobics, yoga, outdoor games), exercise, douching with a douche contrast product, alternating them with massages.
Important! Untreated hypotension after age 40 can turn into hypertension.
Everyone is advised to carefully monitor their blood pressure. It is necessary to use the tonometer in a calm state, in good and bad health, after sleep and before nightfall. It is desirable to record all indicators, compare and determine "your" pressure, at which the best working capacity and vital activity are noted.
If the increase in the number persists for a long time, you should definitely consult a doctor to protect yourself from life-threatening complications in the future. To be in a good health!